Words similar to agrin
Example sentences for: agrin
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Moreover 24-hour exposure to LN1 did not bring about a significant increase in aggregate number, while agrin did (alone or in combination with LN1: Figure 2B).
[ 5 ] . BDNF transiently stabilizes silent NM synapses during the period of transition from polyneuronal to mononeuronal innervation of skeletal muscle fibers [ 6 ] . BDNF and CNTF cooperatively affect efficiency of embryonic xenopus neuromuscular synapses in culture [ 7 8 ] . BDNF stimulates transmitter release from neuromuscular synapses [ 9 ] and enhances the efficiency of transmission at the neuromuscular synapse [ 10 ] . BDNF, together with NT-3, can restore neuregulin levels and a normal distribution of AchR at the neuromuscular junction blocked with curare [ 11 ] . BDNF, in conjunction with fibronectin, increases spontaneous synaptic currents in the cultured embryonic xenopus neuromuscular junction [ 12 ] . BDNF down-regulates AchR clustering, most likely by binding to TrkB expressed in myocytes [ 13 ] . BDNF downregulates agrin levels in muscle but increases neuregulin in ventral horn spinal motor neurons at the time when they form neuromuscular synapses [ 14 ] .
However, several other researchers have reported that laminins including laminin-1 (LN1) also induce receptor aggregation in cultured mouse muscle cells [ 1 2 3 ] . At this time the LN1 stimulation pathway is not well understood, but it has been argued from several lines of evidence to be at least partially distinct from the agrin pathway.
Whether or not the effects of LN1 on aggregation dynamics can all be attributed to an increase in receptor expression, it seems clear from several lines of evidence that the mechanism is distinct from that of agrin induction, and that the physiological effects of laminin are permissive rather than instructive for receptor aggregation.
Accordingly the question arises as to how this approach can be compared with previous studies which demonstrate a visible colocalization of AChRs and α-DG in muscle cells stimulated by nerve terminals [ 19 ] or agrin [ 4 20 26 27 ] . First we note that the present results do support a significant colocalization of the two molecules in agrin stimulated cells as compared to controls (Figure 5), in general agreement with previous findings.
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