Words similar to abiotic
Example sentences for: abiotic
How can you use “abiotic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
We used ozone as an abiotic stressor because the plant's response at the biochemical and molecular level shows extensive overlap with the pathogen defense response and includes the production of ROS, as well as induction of HR and SAR [ 23 24 ] . At the phenotypic level, acute ozone exposure (high dose for a short interval) causes necrotic lesions similar to those caused by avirulent pathogen infections, whereas chronic ozone exposure (low dose for an extended period of time) accelerates foliar senescence, producing similar symptoms to those caused by virulent pathogen infections [ 25 26 ] . There is evidence that elicitor-evoked ROS production, called the oxidative burst, is an essential signaling component of the defense response [ 27 ] . Moreover ozone is a component of photochemical smog and itself represents an oxidative stress to living organisms, damaging crops and forests [ 28 ] .
Recent ideas on the origin of life suggest that early cellular structures were abiotic iron-sulfur formations at submarine hydrothermal vents in the Hadean ocean, in which basic biochemical and metabolic processes could have developed before the formation of cell membranes [ 39 40 ] . As well as iron and sulfur, hydrothermal areas are often are often characterized by high levels of arsenic [ 41 ] and may even contain arsenic redox active microbial communities [ 42 ] . Given the integral role of phosphate in early (and current) cellular metabolism [ 39 ] , an ability to reduce the levels of arsenate (a phosphate analog) might have been an essential biochemical process.
Finally, we hypothesized that effects of leaf litter quantity could interact with effects of container size, as increased leaf litter may compensate for lower wall area per unit volume, since microbes grow, and mosquitoes browse, on leaf litter [ 22 ] . High food abundance appears to decrease stress and compensate for detrimental abiotic factors [ 11 27 29 ] . Our experimental design allowed us to test for both vertical and horizontal surface area effects, which may be both natural effects of changing habitat size or artifacts of experimental microcosm design [ 3 ] .
This study focuses on abiotic correlates of inoculum abundance.
Indeed, if the extent to which abiotic differences between the hemispheres influence biodiversity patterns is to be better comprehended, several key issues deserve attention.
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