Words similar to abiotic
Example sentences for: abiotic
How can you use “abiotic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
What we are missing, they argue, is an appreciation of niche construction, the process by which an organism modifies the abiotic and biotic environment in which it is subject to natural selection.
Microcosm and mesocosm studies are commonly used in ecological studies of aquatic and terrestrial habitats [ 1 2 3 ] . Microcosms and mesocosms are generally subsets of communities and abiotic factors of particular ecosystems, with restricted exchange of matter and energy [ 3 ] . These containers are by definition smaller than the organism's actual habitat, and controversy exists about the relevance of these studies because of the scaling of simulated habitats and the lack of replication and complexity [ 1 3 4 5 ] . There is often an implicit, and untested, assumption that scaling doesn't affect experimental outcomes in microcosm studies [ 3 ] .
To characterize the stress/defense transcriptome of Arabidopsis more thoroughly, we sought to identify genes whose expression levels change in response to abiotic stress, known second messengers and bacterial and fungal pathogens.
We used ozone as an abiotic stressor because the plant's response at the biochemical and molecular level shows extensive overlap with the pathogen defense response and includes the production of ROS, as well as induction of HR and SAR [ 23 24 ] . At the phenotypic level, acute ozone exposure (high dose for a short interval) causes necrotic lesions similar to those caused by avirulent pathogen infections, whereas chronic ozone exposure (low dose for an extended period of time) accelerates foliar senescence, producing similar symptoms to those caused by virulent pathogen infections [ 25 26 ] . There is evidence that elicitor-evoked ROS production, called the oxidative burst, is an essential signaling component of the defense response [ 27 ] . Moreover ozone is a component of photochemical smog and itself represents an oxidative stress to living organisms, damaging crops and forests [ 28 ] .
In plants, mechanisms have evolved for sensing and responding to hormonal and environmental signals, both biotic (for example, pathogens) and abiotic (for example, heat, cold, light and salt/drought stresses).
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