Words similar to paramutation
Example sentences for: paramutation
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In the classical case of paramutation at the maize b1 locus, the imprint is relayed with 100% efficiency [ 24 ] . That is, a paramutated allele is turned into a paramutagenic allele.
These repeats are often part of the trans-silencer locus or paramutagenic locus or its target [ 10 14 15 16 17 ] . However, the repeat can sometimes be located at a considerable distance from the affected locus itself, as has recently been shown for the single-copy maize b1 gene [ 18 ] . Other than transcriptional gene silencing, paramutation is only weakly correlated with DNA methylation.
Likewise, Arabidopsis PAI2 and PAI3 genes that have been trans-methylated by the PAI1/PAI4 locus do not transfer their methylation status to naive singlet genes [ 12 ] . In fact, there are few well-documented cases for the non-allelic relay of trans-silencing ability [ 11 24 ] . Does this amount to an operational difference between allelic (paramutation) and non-allelic (trans-silencing) interactions, or does it simply reflect a lack of data?
Epigenetic activity, defined here as partnership in heritable trans-silencing or paramutation, is not predictable from the DNA sequence alone, and its molecular basis is incompletely understood.
Paramutation has been studied extensively for four maize loci that encode transcriptional regulators of pigment biosynthesis [ 1 ] . Paramutation has also been investigated in the Arabidopsis PAI gene family, at the a1 and chalcone synthase (CHS) transgene loci in petunia, and in a number of other cases [ 2 3 4 ] . The Arabidopsis resistance gene BAL/CPR1 displays a related form of epigenetic instability [ 5 6 ] . Interactions resembling paramutation also occur among non-allelic transgene loci with DNA sequence homology.
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