Words similar to adipose
Example sentences for: adipose
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from the adult bone marrow [5], adipose tissue [6], and dermis and other connective tissues [7].
Finally, patients with AIDS who are receiving therapy with HIV-1 protease inhibitors have been reported to be afflicted with a syndrome characterized by lipodystrophy (fat redistribution favoring the accumulation of abdominal and cervical adipose tissue), hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance.
In the liver, intestine, adipose, and mammary gland, the cytoplasmic form synthesizes acetyl CoA for lipogenesis [ 46 ] . It is regulated by SREBP-1a, -1c- and -2, as well as SP1 and SP3 binding to GC-boxes; the promoter also contains an E-box [ 47 ] . It is down regulated with fasting, and induced with re-feeding; such dietary regulation does not exist in SREBP-1 knockout mice [ 48 ] . More generally, acyl CoA synthase is reported to be PPARα-activated [ 49 ] . The observed down regulation is consistent with less acetyl CoA available for the ACC reaction, as well as a plethora of other reactions.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a group of nuclear receptors which includes steroid, retinoid, thyroid hormone receptors and others [ 19 20 21 ] . There are three types of PPARs: PPARα is found predominantly in the liver, heart, kidney, brown adipose and stomach mucosa, and is important for lipid catabolism.
These same conclusions regarding energy expenditure were reached in experiments assessing enzymatic activities, and transcriptional changes in rat liver using Northern blots, where fish oil feeding: increased palmitoyl CoA mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation rate; increased Cpt1, Cpt2, Δ 3, Δ 2-enoyl CoA isomerase, and Ech1 expression and activity; and decreased expression and activity of FA synthase, malic enzyme, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase, compared to palm and/or safflower oil feeding [ 93 ] . Likewise, in rat white retroperitoneal adipose tissue, fish oil feeding also decreased Fasn expression [ 94 ] . Intriguingly, the hormone leptin, which also acts through SREBP-1 and PPARα, affected many transcripts similarly to LC-PUFA ( e.g. , leptin decreased Gpam and Apoa4 transcripts; and up regulated Ech1, mitochondrial Hmgcs2, and Cyp4a14 transcripts [ 95 ] .
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